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Evolution of dietary antioxidant defences.
Evolution of dietary antioxidant defences.
Venturi S. and Venturi M.
European Epi-Marker, 2007 Vol.11, 3 :1-12

SUMMARY. The evolution of oxygen-producing cells was probably one of the most significant events in the history of life. Protective endogenous antioxidant enzymes and exogenous dietary antioxidants (as Selenium, Iodine, etc.) helped to prevent oxidative stress. Iodide, which acts as a primitive electron-donor through peroxidase enzymes, seems to have an ancestral antioxidant function in all iodide-concentrating cells from primitive marine algae to more recent terrestrial vertebrates. When about 500 million years ago plants and animals began to transfer from the sea to rivers and land, environmental iodine-deficiency was a challenge to the evolution of terrestrial life. New endogenous antioxidants appeared in plants as ascorbic acid, polyfenols, carotenoids, flavonoids. A few of these appeared recently, about 200-50 million years ago in fruits and flowers of angiosperm plants. In the wide range of antioxidants, we hypothesise an “evolutionary hierarchy”, where the most ancient antioxidants might be more essential than the modern ones in the developing stages of animal and human organisms.

Keywords: antioxidants, ascorbic acid, carotenoids, flavonoids, evolution, iodine, selenium

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