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Evolution of dietary antioxidants: role of iodine.
Evolution of dietary antioxidants: role of iodine.
Venturi S, Venturi M
Lecture. Feb 6, 2007


The authors review the role of inorganic and organic forms of iodine as an antioxidant in evolution of plants and animals.

Iodine is one of the most abundant electron-rich essential element in the diet of marine and terrestrial organisms. It is transported from the diet to the cells via iodide transporters. Iodide, which acts as a primitive electron-donor through peroxidase enzymes, seems to have an ancestral antioxidant function in all iodide-concentrating cells from primitive marine algae to more recent terrestrial vertebrates. Thyroxine and iodothyronines have an antioxidant activity too and, through deiodinase enzymes, are donors of iodides and indirectly of electrons.

Thyroid cells phylogenetically derived from primitive gastroenteric cells, which during evolution of vertebrates migrated and specialized in uptake and storage of iodo-compounds in a new follicular “thyroidal” structure, for a better adaptation to iodine-deficient terrestrial environment. Finally, some animal and human chronic diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases, favored by dietary antioxidant deficiency, are briefly discussed.

Keywords: antioxidants, antioxidant evolution, evolution, iodine, iodide, thyroxine

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