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Extrathyroid Iodine Deficiency Disorders. What is the real iodine requirement?
I disordini extra-tiroidei da carenza iodica. Qual e il real fabbisogno di iodio?
(Extrathyroid Iodine Deficiency Disorders. What is the real iodine requirement?):

The authors report a recent review of the most important extrathyroid iodine deficiency disorders in relation to: stomach, immune system, mammary glands, ovaries, arterial and articular system, epidermis and nervous system. All these organs concentrate about 80% of total body iodine in humans and animals, but the role of this extrathyroid iodine is not known.

The hypothesis is that this iodine might have a specific antioxydant role, from primitive algae, which contain the highest level of iodine, and which were the first living cells to produce oxygen. So we believe that this phylogenetically ancient antioxydant role is important also in animals and humans. In fact, the thyroid gland is only a phylogenetically modern organ, which was improved from primitive Chordates to more recent Mammalia. In the references are reported different studies on the antioxydant ability of iodine in rates and in humans.

By Venturi S, Guidi A, Venturi M. in the Journal of Italian Society of Pharmacology (Le Basi Razioneali Della Terapia), 1996; 16: 267-75. (Source: Tulane University)